Heat Detection and Timing of Artifi cial Insemination Detection
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چکیده
Detection of estrus (heat) is often cited as the most costly component and undoubtedly, the major limiting factor to the success of A.I. programs on many dairy farms. Incorrect detection of estrus is related to loss of income due to extended calving intervals, milk loss, increased veterinary cost, increased heifer rearing cost, and slowed genetic progress. To achieve excellent heat detection, many factors have to be taken into account. First, the cow must express behavior and physiological changes, and secondly, these changes must be detected to determine if and when insemination should occur. It is clear that an excellent rate of heat detection is vitally important. Some herds have exceptional fertility while others struggle with conception rates, calving intervals, pregnancy rates and other parameters, which might be caused by inefficient heat detection. Numerous factors, environmental, managerial, and cow-related, play a role in estrus expression and detection. Many devices are commercially available to assist with heat detection and each producer must decide which works the best in their dairy. The time of ovulation and age of the egg at sperm penetration is critical for conception, so the goal of a heat detection program should not merely be to attain a high detection rate but to achieve a high detection rate with a corresponding high conception rate.
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